In this paper, a neural network-based lip reading system is proposed.The system is lexicon-free and uses purely visual cues.With only a limited number of visemes as classes to recognise, the system is designed to lip read sentences covering a wide decorations range of vocabulary and to recognise words that may not be included in system training.The
Abstract Spatial overlap between wildlife and related domestic animals can lead to disease transmission, with substantial evidence for viral and bacterial spillover.Domestic and wild animals can also share potentially harmful helminth parasites, many of which have environmental transmission stages that do not require direct contact between hosts.We
Abstract In animal communication, signals are expected to evolve to be honest, so that receivers avoid being manipulated by signalers.One way that signals can evolve to be honest is for them to be costly, with only high‐quality individuals being able to bear the costs of signal expression.It has been proposed that parasites can introduce costs th
Localization is one of the most fundamental problems in wireless sensor networks (including ocean sensor networks).Current localization algorithms mainly focus on how to localize as many sensors as possible given a set of mobile or static anchor nodes and distance measurements.In this paper, we consider an optimization problem, the minimum cost thr
This article addresses the concept of “typicality” in community products, proposing a performative Projectors interpretation of this category.It ethnographically demonstrates how identifying products as “typical” is a process that involves a community in constructing both the product and its meaning.To illustrate this, this study delves int